Wine for Wine Lovers Essay Example

Wine for Wine Lovers Essay Wine is basically fermented grape juice. Grape is the main fruit used in making a wine since it has high sugar content. The art of winemaking originates from different early civilizations such as Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Over time, wine making was enhanced through new, better and improved techniques. Wine is not just a simple beverage. It makes a link between the world of art and science which results to the satisfaction of every single part of our senses. Wine satisfies the mouth with various flavors, the nose with evocative aromas and the eyes with a variety of colors.Wine is made from only one species of grape, Vitis vinifera and only few varieties are used for wine making. Among the commonly used varieties are as follows: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Muscat, Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Sauvignon Blanc. Each variety has particular unique characteristics. Wines can be distinguished by its color, body, alcohol content, aroma and flavor.   The color of the ski n of the grape dictates the color of the wine. In making red wine, the entire pressed fruits are utilized including the skin for fermentation. During the fermentation process, the pigments leech out of the skin and imparted on the wine. In making white wine, only the juice extracted from the fruit is utilized in fermentation resulting to a clear and white color. In making rosà © wine, the skin is removed before fermentation resulting to a light pink color. The color of the wine also tells what variety was used in making the wine and how a wine was made. Its color also gives a clue on how old the wine is.The body of a wine refers to the amount of alcohol the wine contains.   The more alcohol the wine contains the fuller its body. The body of a wine also refers to its fullness and total mouth feel. A light-bodied wine has less concentrated flavors and has a mouth peel similar to water. Meanwhile a full-bodied wine would be conspicuously more concentrated and would feel like milk.Th e acidity of wine refers to the tartness or sharpness of the flavor of the wine. The wine derived its acidity in the grape’s natural acids and the acids that formed during the fermentation process. When a wine has too high acidity, its flavor is too aggressive and tart. If a wine has too low acidity, it tastes bland and flabby. Acidity does not only affect the flavor but also its shelf-life and freshness. Acids act as preservative on the wine, it inhibits microbial growth during and after fermentation and acids allow the wine to age gracefully. Moreover, it is the acidity of wine that determines what type of food that should be paired with wine.The sweetness or dryness of wine refers to the amount of residual sugar present on the wine. The sweetness of wine will depend on the acidity and alcohol levels as well as the amount of tannin present on it. Fruity or sweet wines are wines which have high sugar content, thus fruity wines are often called dessert wines. Meanwhile, wines that have no perceptible flavor of sweetness are classified as dry wine. The sweetness and acid content of content of wine are believed to be connected to each other. High amount of sugar reduces the bite of acids; meanwhile acids maintain the sweetness of wines and keep the wine from being syrupy.Tasting the wine is the most exciting part of exploring the world of wine. The reactions of the mouth as it hold the wine is called the palate. A sip of the wine will do in order for the aroma to permeate through the upper airways. It is in this that the wine is truly tasted.There are various types of wine and these are as follows:   red wine, white wine, rosà © wine, sparkling and dessert wine. Red wine obtained its color from different varietals of grape that have deep purple, reddish or blue peel color. The color of red wine may range from red to purple, the more blue or purple the younger it is. Grapes have a natural substance found in the seed, stem and skin of the fruit; the subs tance is known as tannin. Tannin is responsible for the astringent sensation of red wines. Some red wines also have bitter taste and this can be attributed to the chemical compounds present on the skin of red grape.Red wines can be classified in terms of body-type. Light bodied red wines have small amount of tannins. Light-bodied wines are generally fruity and can be paired with less flavor-filled foods. The top light-bodied wine varieties are Pinot Noir, Gamay or Beaujolais Nouveau, and Bardolino. Pinot Noir originated from Burgundy. It has light to medium body type and typically has soft tannin. Pinot Noir’s color ranges from light to medium red. Pinots usually taste dry with a touch of sweetness. It is smooth and silky texture and it has a subtle aroma. The aroma and flavor profile can vary from place to place. Pinots Noirs can be paired with variety of food such as steak, tenderloin, duck, lamb, bouillabaisse and roast beef. It can also be paired with pasta with red sauce (tomato-based) and spicy foods. Meanwhile, Beaujolais has light to medium red color and originally Beaujolais and Loire Valley in France. It has grapey or strawberry-like and fruity flavor and elusive aroma. Beaujolais goes nicely with duck and escargot as well as foods with tomato sauce. Bardolino on the other hand is garnet in color, dry and has slightly sweet taste. It is made from the mixture of various varieties such as Corvina, Rondinella and Molinara and Negrara grapes. Corvina provides color and body on the resulting wine, Rondinella is responsible grassy flavor, Molinara provides fragrance, while Negrara provides softness and freshness on the wine. Bardolino is best served chilled and best served with seafood, light meat entrees and pasta with red sauce.Medium-bodied red wine contains more tannin as compared to light-bodied wine. Medium-bodied wines are the most food friendly among the other body-type wines. These wines can be paired with a wide range of variety of foods. Some of the top medium-bodied red wines are Sangiovese, Shiraz and Merlot. Merlot wines are soft, fruity and smooth texture. It has ripe and sweet plumy fruit flavor with a touch of vanilla flavor. It is perfect for blending with other wines, especially those with strong flavor and high tannin content, due to its sweet and mild flavors. Merlot wines can be paired with a variety of foods. It goes nicely with steak, tenderloin, roast beef, duck, tuna and pasta with red sauce. Meanwhile, Shiraz wine is usually dark red in color and has high tannins.   Shiraz has spicy, peppery, and smoky flavor with a touch of fruity flavor. Shiraz wine goes nicely with venison, duck, and salmon or tuna. Sangiovese wine on the other hand has medium tannin content and high acidity. It is medium ruby red in color and has an earthy and smoky aroma with a bitter aftertaste.Full-bodied wines have the highest tannin content and most often has the highest alcohol content. When tasted, full-bodied wines have a thicker and richer feeling in the mouth due high tannin and alcohol content of the wine. The top full-bodied wines known are Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cabernet Franc. Cabernet Sauvignon originated from Bordeaux and it is one of the most popular wines in US. It can be distinguished by its full body and high tannic content. Cabs color ranges from medium to dark red.   When grape used in making Cabs wine is young it has mint and green bell pepper aroma. Mature grapes produce a wine with softer tannins and has strong flavor of blackcurrant. Cabernet Sauvignon goes nicely with meats such as steak, tenderloin, roast beef, lamb and pasta with red sauce. Zinfandel wine originated from Vienna, Italy. It has zesty, berry-fruity and peppery flavor and its color is red and bordering on black. Zinfandel goes finely with American dishes such as burger and pizza. It also goes well with steak, roasted beef, tenderloin, venison, lamb, spicy foods, chocolates and nuts. Meanwhile, Cabern et Franc has a medium to full body type. It is dry (lack sweetness) and has a berry and fruity flavor. It can be distinguished by its herbal and smoky aroma. Cabernet Franc goes well with red meats such as lamb, venison, spicy foods and pasta with red sauce.White wines are made by extracting the grape juice and/or including the skin of the green or yellow colored grapes of selected grape varieties. White wines come with a variety of colors which ranges from clear as water to a straw yellow. Young white wines are commonly green tinges in color while old white wines are golden in color. There is almost no tannin present in most of white wines since the only source of tannin is the skin of the grape which is removed before fermentation. Tannin can only be present in white wines when the wine is aged in oak barrels but the content is definitely lower than that of red wines. Some white wines have astringent sensation.White wines can also be categorized into three in terms of body-type. L ight-bodied white wines can be distinguished by its clean flavors and crisp acidity. Light-bodied white wines are refreshing on their own and very food-friendly. The top varieties of white wine are Riesling, Chenin Blanc and Pinot Blanc. Chenin Blanc originated from France. It can be distinguished by its honey aroma with scents of hay and through its pale to medium yellow color. Chenin Blanc wines have moderate to high acidity with a touch of viscosity which leaves an oil-like mouth feel. It goes nicely with salads, mild to spicy rice dishes, sushi, white meat and seafood. Meanwhile, Riesling wine typically has a pale straw color and has scent of lemon, flowers and pineapple originally from Germany. It has a fruity scent with a floral undertone. Riesling can be paired with appetizers, desserts, green salads and seafood. Dry Riesling is best paired with chicken, turkey and tuna or salmon while sweet Riesling goes well with ice cream and crepes. Pinot Blanc on the other hand is a medi um dry to dry white wine which originates from France.It has a light flavor with a trace of citrus, melon, pear and apricot and typically has high acidity.Pinot Blanc goes well with green salad, seafood, light-flavored meat, light to medium sauces and mild-flavored cheese (The Wine Pages).Medium-bodied white wines are generally light, fresh and subtle.   White wines typically go best with lightly sauced pastas and seafood. The top varieties of white wines are Pinot Grigio, and Sauvignon Blanc. Pinot Grigio can be distinguished by its fruity flavor with a hint of sweet licorice. Some Pinot Grigio has subtle or citrus flavor (Colorado Wines). Pinot Grigio has a pale and straw-like yellow color with a touch of golden hues. It goes nicely with seafood, pastas and cheese cracker combinations. Sauvignon Blanc originated from France’s Loire Valley. It is usually dry with notable acidity. It has herbal sensation with a hint of hay and mineral undertones. Sauvignon Blanc goes well w ith appetizers and soup as well as salad (The Wine Pages).Full-bodied white wines are full of luscious fruit flavors. The top full-bodied white wines include Muscat, Gewà ¼rztraminer and Chardonnay. Chardonnay, originated from France, has a rich citrus flavor with a hint of pear, apple and melon taste. It goes nicely with a variety of appetizers, pork and poultry dishes. Muscat has often sweet and fruity flavor with a fruity and musky aroma. However, it does not show goods pairing with other food. Gewà ¼rztraminer on the other hand has distinctive aromas of rose petals, lychees and peaches and fruity flavor with an intense spicy bouquet. It is best paired with Asian foods, grilled sausages, and pork (The Wine Pages).The other type of wine that is made with less skin contact as compared to that of red wines is rose wine. The skin contact takes only a few hours which result to a pinkish to light orange in color. Rose wines have high acidity with light to medium body-type. It has elu sive aromas with a blast of red berry and mellow flavors. Rose wines goes well with a variety of appetizers, pork, poultry dishes and salty foods. The top rose wines include White Zinfandel and Rose Laudun and Edoardo Miroglio. White Zinfandel usually refers to Blush has fruity flavors with a hint of strawberry, rhubarb and bubble gum flavor. It is generally pink in color with red raspberries and peaches aromas. Rose Laudun is made from dark grapes. It has fruity aftertaste with a mixture of raspberry and cherry aromas. Edoardo Miroglio on the other hand has rich and fruity flavors with fruity aromas.Meanwhile, sparkling wines are wines with significant amount of carbon dioxide which makes it bubbling. Accumulation of significant amount carbon dioxide is a result of fermentation. Sparkling wines are more precious and complicated to make than still wines (non-sparkling wine). The combination of its high acidity, low alcohol content and delicate flavor makes a unique palate tingle. It is considered as one of the most versatile wines in term of food pairings. Sparkling wines can be paired with a variety of appetizers, soup, dessert and meats such as chicken, turkey, flank steak, and pork tenderloin. Some of the tope varieties of sparkling wine are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Chenin Blanc, all originated from France. Chardonnay Champagne is the combination of richness and complexity of Chardonnay wine with the fun and bright and sparkling personality champagne. The champagne fills your mouth with tropical fruit flavors, apples, figs with a touch of oak. Pinot Noir champagne has dark red color with rich body and fine bubbles. It fills your nose with raspberry and spicy aromas. This champagne fills the mouth with berry, cherry and syrup flavors. It is best paired with fresh fruits, desserts, meats such as quail, duck and veal and spicy foods. Meanwhile, Chenin Blanc Champagne has high acidity with fresh citrus and mineral aromas. It can be paired with caramel, aperit if, ice cream and fruit desserts. This champagne also goes well with sushi and seafood.The last type of wine is dessert wine, also known as sweet wines, is notable for its sweet flavor. It can be served with desserts or by itself. The alcohol content of dessert wines may range from low to high. Among the top dessert wines include fortified wines such as sweet port, sherry and Madeira. Port wines have color that varies from deep red to light gold. Its sweetness may also vary from extra dry to very sweet.   It goes nicely with cheese, nuts, dried fruit and desserts.Madeira is originally from Portugal. Madeira wines vary from dry to sweet wines which are usually paired with desserts. Sherry wines are originally from Spain which shows a distinct nutty flavor. Its color ranges from golden yellow to dark brown. Sherry wines goes well with nuts such as cashews and pistachios and nut dishes (Wine Lover Page).Wine is a very essential part in fine dining restaurant.   In ordering in a res taurant, it is a must to observe some etiquette. The wine list will be given to you by the sommelier or waiter, if not you can ask for it. In selecting a wine, there are so many considerations such as the type of meal you have. If you have various foods, it is better to pair white wine with lighter main and followed by the red wine with other main course. When the wine is served, it is the sommeliers responsibility to uncork the bottle of the wine. When the bottle is opened, the sommelier will pour a little portion of wine on the host’s glass in order for him to inspect the wine. The host will tell the waiter for any flaws on the wine and if there are flaws the wine can be rejected. If there are no flaws, the waiter will then first pour wine on the ladies glass and then turn clockwise to the host.It is not always true that expensive wines have good quality than the others. There are cheap wines that are better than expensive ones. The variety, aroma and flavor are believed to be the factors that dictate the quality and most often the price of a wine. Wines that are produced by known companies are more expensive as compared to never-heard companies. However, most of the time, price does not dictate the quality of a wine. We are not assured that the wine that we buy is the quality wines. Most of the time, it is the name or brand of the wine that we are paying and not its quality (Bordeaux 2006).

AFFLICTION essays

AFFLICTION essays If you ever wondered what happens to those with an abusive childhood when they enter adulthood, then Affliction is the book to read because it has all the answers that you might ever need in this connection. The cinematic version of the book also does complete justice to the dark and negative themes that are highlighted by Russell Banks. These themes have been very effectively transformed on the screen and the credit for this goes to Paul Schrader. The book deals with the life of a complete failure Wade Whitehouse, who is almost forgotten by his family like a very painful memory. His brother is the narrator who chooses to speak about Wade in a distant cold manner thus avoiding a direct connection with a man who was major source of embarrassment for his family and friends. The narrator says in the opening passage: "It is almost as if he never existed, or as if he were a member of some other family or from some other place and we barely knew him and never had occasion to speak of him. So that by telling his story like this, as his brother, I am separating myself from the family and from all those who ever loved him." Wade was a failure because he suffered a terribly abusive childhood where his father would constantly abuse him emotionally, verbally and physically. This had such a profound impact on his life that all his adult relationships suffered. His entire life disintegrated because of his emotionally painful relationship with an abusive father who does nothing but hurl obscenities at his son and treat him like dirt. Being a sensitive soul, Wade has been so negatively affected by his father's behavior that his entire life becomes a mess. "For many years, I regarded Wade as a gloomy, alcoholic and stupidly belligerent man, like our father, but now he had gotten into his forties without killing himself or anyone else, and I expected that he would, like our father, get int ...

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy - Essay Example Therefore the financial business units for which causal chains and strategy are designed have to be identified. Causal chains and strategy therefore is not a strategy formulation tool but a system that serves to translate and describe the present strategy constantly in order to facilitate successful strategy execution (Atkinson, 2000). The development of causal chains and strategy in financial institution is not an independent process but a component of an extensive framework of strategy formulation and competitive positioning. For financial institutions like banks to ensure tailored causal chains and strategy, identification of specific needs affecting the strategic business units should be made (Atkinson, 2000). Secondly, financial result profile and exposure with an aim of identifying pertinent financial factors that facilitates acquisition of comprehensive listing all probable strategically relevant financial aspects should be made, financial internal business processes such as financial operational procedure. Banks innovation procedure and processes related to postsale services, customer service measures such as customer satisfaction, customer acquisition, customer retention, which results to larger market share. Thus, higher customer profitability and finally financial measures such as loan balances, deposit balances, none interest income, asset utilization, productivity growth and revenue growth (Atkinson, 2000). Financial performance will always depend on several measures; this involves learning and growth measures such as work force retention, workforce satisfaction and the productivity of the workforce (Atkinson, 2000). The balance scorecard concept is as a new approach of measuring performance as a result of past orientation and short-termism problems in management accounting. The balance scorecard assumes the fact that

Case Study Discussion Paper (Organisational change & transformation) Research

Case Study Discussion (Organisational change & transformation) - Research Paper Example How was change managed at Simmons? One of the most effective methods of ensuring a lasting change within an organization is to engage different stakeholders including employees in the overall process of change. This would mean that all the stakeholders are taken on board before any decision to take on the new changes within the organization is implemented. (Ragsdell, 2000). What is also significant to understand that in order to manage change effectively, it has to be communicated well and thus requires a great deal of effective communication in order to ensure that the real message is trickled down to the employees. (Almaraz, 1994). Any change management process therefore faces the fact that different people react differently to the change due to the fact that everyone has different fundamental needs which need to be fulfilled and the overall process of change can threaten such needs. What is also significant to understand that changes often result into loss- losses such as jobs, lo ss of position and organizational power etc and in such a situation, it becomes often difficult to accept such change and become part of it. (Paton,& McCalman, 2008). In order to overcome such situations, it is therefore critical that the overall process of change is managed properly and within an acceptable norm where losses are minimized while at the same time, the overall objectives are achieved with ease.(Stanleigh, 2008). It is also important to note that change often creates fears and therefore it is important that the overall process of managing fear is also managed properly. Employees often believe that the overall process of change would result into their job losses or make them redundant and therefore they may not fully accept the change and provide the kind of information and input required to make change successful. Leaders therefore will have to ensure that the fears of the individuals are managed properly and that individuals know how this change is going to affect the m positively. (Saka, 2003) A closer look at the overall affairs at Simmons would suggest that it was undergoing tremendous competitive pressures not only due to the fact that its major customers were out of the business but its overall approach was not centered on the consumers. This lack of focus on consumers therefore was not only costing them presently but it was its future which was at the risk also. Apart from this, the overall organizational structure at the firm was such that it resulted into the direct competition between different plants rather than fostering an overall process of collaboration between them. This situation therefore demanded a complete process of change management to be initiated at the firm. The overall process of change was managed at Simmons in rather an unconventional manner where the top management of the firm was first introduced to the concept. The CEO of the firm first shared the need for change with one individual and than the process of change man agement was initiated in order to ensure that the top management of the firm is on one page in terms of proposed changes in the future. As such the overall approach was a top down approach wherein the changes were first introduced at the top and then they were subsequently trickled down to the lower level. Changes were introduced at the higher level first wherein the top managemen

Zara Retailing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zara Retailing Analysis - Essay Example Key competitive advantage Among of Zara’s competitive advantages are its manpower and human resource management. It is noted that 80% of its employees were engaged in retail sales in stores and 8.5% were involved in manufacturing, design, logistics, distribution, and the remaining were part of headquarters’ activities. This only implies that Zara is good at optimizing its entire operation especially on its supply chain management. Zara is also aggressive in its expansion program considering that 80% of its capital expenditures is appropriated to new store openings, 19% on refurbishing and 10% on logistics. This is one of its competitive advantages because its renowned international competitors are not that aggressive in their expansion program. Zara is also known to consider great savings on employment. It tries to gain more in its manpower expenses by choosing personnel with substantial experience in the clothing industry but with a relatively cheap labor. This is one of the reasons why Zara is generating much competitive income in its operations compared to its competitors. The three international leading competitors of Zara are the Gap from the United States, Hennes & Mauritz from Sweden, and Benetton from Italy. Geographically speaking, it is an advantage for Zara because apparel disposal in 2000 is higher in Europe which is 34%, and followed by the United States which is 29% and in Asia which is 23% (Case 32: Zara: Fast fashion). Zara is based in Europe and this is an advantage on its part because of its proximity in the profitable market for apparel in the world. The proximity is an advantage because this has something to do with other strategic advantage when it comes to culture and understanding customer’s needs at the deepest level. In fact, it is in line with this that Zara has continuous innovation based on customer’s desires. Inditext’s financial comparison Shown in Table 1 are some of the indicators of the financi al performance of Inditex, Benetton, H&M, and Gap. Gap has the highest net operating revenue among the three other retailing companies which is an indication that it may either has more retail outlets than the other or it is really at its best in stimulating needs or demand for its product offerings. Next to Gap is H&M followed by Inditex and finally Benetton. The net revenue can be an indication of market share and in this case, Inditex is not far behind the Gap and H&M. The same trend goes on from gross profit margin until operating efficiency. The operating efficiency is the operating expenses as a percentage of net operating revenues. The above indicators are not enough to tell which among of the four companies have higher profitability. When it comes to profitability, Inditex is more profitable compared to Gap, H&M and Benetton. Inditex has 10.5% net profit margin which is an indication that it has substantially generated more profits. This is the effect of maximizing its opera tion and resources. In fact, its PPE (property, plant and equipment) as percentage of net operating revenue is also higher than the other retailing companies. This is another indication that Inditex has substantially maximized its operation and resources to the fullest compared to the other retailing companies. Table 1. Financial performance of Inditex and its three international competitors Operating results (â‚ ¬ Millions) Gap H&M Benetton Inditex Net operating revenue 15,559 4,269 2,098 3,250 Gross margin 4,656 2,204 909 1,687 Operating efficiency 27.4% 37.8% 29.7% 30.2% Net profit margin -0.05% 9.6% 7.1% 10.5% PPE (% of net operating revenue 30.2% 15.9% 34.3% 37.8% Zara’s fast response model Zara’s fast response model contributes to its competitive advantage. The market for young

Procter Gamble: Organisation And Development

Procter Gamble: Organisation And Development INTRODUCTION Procter Gamble was created in 1837 by William Procter who was a candle maker and James Gamble who was a soap maker. Since then the company was growing bigger and bigger as years past by. Nowadays, Procter Gamble is a multinational organization operating in more than 180 countries and producing over 300 products. Firstly, at this report, the strategic development of PG will be clearly evaluated and it will be followed by the evaluation of its resources and competences. Then, the evaluation of the companys external environment will be analyzed through the use of swot analysis, pest analysis and 5 forces analysis. Subsequently, a strategic group analysis of the industry that PG is engaged to will be carried out to illustrate their differentiate characteristics from other companies. Finally, the longer term strategy of PG will be clearly demonstrated with some future recommendations that could be supportive. Pattern of strategic development Since 1837 when Procter Gamble was founded, the company continued to grow and following the changes at the external environment, the corporate strategy of PG was changing as well. From 1945 to 2020, PG has three stages of corporate strategy, which are: Product diversification strategy (1945-1980), Globalization strategy (1980-2003), and Sustainable Development Strategy (2003-2020). Product diversification strategy (1945-1980) In 1946, PG introduced Tide washing powder. Tides performance was better than the similar products in the market and so it soon got as a big success. Subsequently, PG launched a lot of new products. The first fluoride toothpaste Crest Obtained certification by American Association of Dental Prevention, then it became the leading toothpaste brand quickly. In 1961, PG introduced Pampers which is disposable baby diapers, it is still one of the top product that PG sells (Ifeng Finance, 2010 ). The disadvantage of this strategy is that it is too difficult for the company to control and manage so many products and the company may over pursuit the market share and might not pay attention to develop the star products which have core competitiveness. As a result, the original core competitiveness is weakening and the company does not have its own characteristics, the concept of the companys image and product become blurred. Globalization strategy (1980-2003) Through the acquisition of Norwich Eaton pharmaceutical company  ¼Ã‹â€ 1982 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° and Rechardson-Vicks company ¼Ã‹â€ 1985 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¼Ã…’PG is active in personal care products industry. In the late 80s, early 90s, through the acquisition of Noxell ¼Ã…’Max Factor ¼Ã…’and Ellen Betrix, PG plays an important role in cosmetics and fragrances industry (Ifeng Finance, 2010 ). These acquisition activities have accelerated the process of PG globalization. Moreover, Pampers, Whisper, Pantene, Tide, Ariel, Crest, and Olay and other brands has become a world-renowned brands. However, the biggest problem when a company involved into other countries, is the cultural differences which will lead to different reactions on product on the consumers, thus the marketing strategies need to be changed accordingly. Also, the different national legal systems and the differentiation in consumers budgets is also greatly affecting the conduct of globalization strategy. Sustainable Development Strategy (2003-2020) At the current stage, the tenet of PGs organization strategy is sustainability which means improving peoples life quality. In order to achieve this strategy, PG to start work from the following aspects: Products: PG developed and sold sustainable innovation products which can significantly reduce environmental pollution. In 2007, PG replaced the packaging of detergent as half of the originals, and adjusted the solution to double concentrated formula. The method saved the use of packaging materials and reduced wastes. PGs purpose is to make the environment a better place (Adweek, 2007). Operations: PG established the sustainable development team in the offices. Through green recycling box, the company recycled more than 4800 kilograms of waste paper, and in exchanged for 69,000 new pieces of paper, moreover, the companys power consumption dropped by 10%, saving 17 million kWh which is equivalent to 560 families a months electricity consumption. In addition, in some factories and distribution centers, PG also installed solar power and rainwater collection and processing device, to further reduce energy consumption. (21ST CENTURY BUSINESS HERALD, 2009) Social Responsibility: In 2009, PG signed United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and developed a global reduction in carbon footprint by 2012, and that will be published the results of carbon reduction stage. (21ST CENTURY BUSINESS HERALD, 2009) So far, all of the efforts which PG has done are win-win situation of business and environment. When the company set up the environmental value chain, it will get financial gains from using energy efficiency and reducing wastes. Resources and Competences PG as we know it, is one of the worlds largest consumer products company but what does makes PG so successful while it competes in the huge consumer products industry? This part of the report is mainly focuses on the PGs resources and competences and how the resources and competences works together creating a competitive advantages for the firm. Resources Tangible resource The tangible resource is easy to be identified by looking at the financial report. Their net sale was $ 78. 9 billion in 2010, which is markedly stable by compared with the last two years net sales ($ 76.7million in 2009 and $79.3 in2008 respectively). The net earnings were $ 12. 7 billion and net operating income was $16 billion in 2010. This illustrates that PG has enjoyed a stable and healthy profits. Intangible resources The intangible resources are the brand equity, corporate culture and human resources. PG is the 6th Most Admired Company in Fortunes 2010 list; it was also one of the most valuable brands in the world. The corporate culture is unique, tough lives and improve life every day is PGs philosophy which encourages the PGners engaging to improve consumers life. PG is also very good at research develop. PG has invested $2 billion in consumer research over the last decade in order to understand consumers needs and to improve customers satisfaction. Additionally, at the same time RD increases the product innovation. Competences Marketing strategy Product differentiation: each product has different brands, for example shampoo has Rejoice, Pantene, and Head Shoulders. Only one product has more than three brands and detergent has as many as more than nine brands. Product differentiation can lower risk in case if one brand goes wrong. Various functions: one product has different functions and different packaging, for example, some of detergents have fragrance and others with the function of strong cleaning. This strategy will increase the market share for PG, such as in china along, the market share increased from 30% to 40% in 2010. Advertising: PG tends to use celebrities to advertise its products in order to attract young customers. Localization is another strategy that PG has adopted, for example in china, the company sells shampoo by suing Chinese girl who has black long hear, because this can represent the Chinese culture. Consumer understanding PG is a company that did most investigations in consumers and market research. More than 15,000 researches has been conducted each year. PG invested $350 million a year in consumer understanding in order to improve the customer needs. PG is the first company to focus on customer feedback. Innovation PG is the Innovation leader in the consumer products industry. Over the past 15 years, 125 PG innovations have earned a spot on the top 25 Pacesetters list more than six largest competitors combined. Innovation program: connect develop (C+D): PG is always seeking the opportunity to collaborate with people or company who has innovative ideas. The VRIO framework evaluates the competitive advantage from four aspects: valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. From the evidence above the corporate culture was the Competitive parity. Because each organization has its unique cultures, it is inimitable. Human resources are the short term competitive advantage of the company. People are not fixed assets of one company, they can go to other company as well if they wish to. PGs competitive advantages are its brand equity, RD, marketing strategy, consumer understanding and innovation. External business environment At this part of the report, the evaluation of PGs external environment will take place. This evaluation will be contacted through the SWOT analysis, PEST analysis and Porters Five forces analysis. SWOT Analysis (Opportunities and Threats) SWOT analysis is a way to analyse an organisation and its environment. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are the internal factors, Opportunities and Threats are the external factors. At this report we are only consider about the external factors. Opportunities The increasing demand for the section of male health and beauty goods is one of the biggest opportunities of PG and with the acquirement of Gillette, PG is growing rapidly at this particular market. Moreover, PG has a huge opportunity with its reaction to the enormous technological growth of the internet by utilizing different marketing techniques and online social networks. What is more, taking into consideration their long-term aims, they have been disconnected from some products such as the oral-care toothpaste of Gillette, Zest brand have been acquired by Brynwood Partners, etc. so PG will pay their full attention at brands of their interest. PG is persistently growing into more and more countries so at the moment operates in 80 countries and now due to the recession it is easier to acquire any smaller firms because of their financial problems (Canadian Business 2011, Worldlingo 2011). Threats PG as a global giant company have a lot of competitors like Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Johnsons Johnsons, etc. who in various countries causes large threat at the market share. Moreover, the competitors of PG are increasing their goods range through getting hold of other smaller firms. As a result of the recession, the consumers budget has been decrease and therefore their spending power is limited as well. Also, raw materials prices are rising thus the production cost is rising and the different currency rate place a huge threat on PG. PEST Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors and it is used by the analysers to identify the external factors that may affect the organisation in an opportunity or as a threat. Political Factors ProcterGamble have created the PG Political Action Committee (PG PAC), which is a scheme that it was created to give the opportunity to the employees of PG to support candidates at the federal, state and local level who contribute to the quality of life at the communities. Moreover, PG by offering economic support contributes in the political process (Procter Gamble 2011). Economical Factors PG is designed to go through any type of economy as they are very capable and they have a commitment to the consumers. Subsequently, even at the time of the recession PG had margins to reduce costs and offer products to consumers ( Business Week 2011). Social Factors With the creation of Live Learn and Thrive Program, PG helps children in need to drink clean water so it helps them to have a healthy beginning in life. Moreover, it is making places, tools and programs available to them for better learning (Procter Gamble 2011). Technological Factors PG as a big organisation and as it is specified in a lot of different markets, they are focusing on more sophisticate technology and they have managed to reduce any unwanted errors. PG have managed to create new products and further improve their existing products (Procter Gamble 2011). Porters Five Forces Model (SlideShare INC. 2011) Porters five forces model is a framework that was created by Michael E. Porter in 1979 and it is consider with the buyers power, supplier power, the treat of new entrants, the treat of substitute and the rivalry of a firm. Buyer Power Consumers are well informed for all different brands of a specific product that are available mostly through advertising. Brand name is very important but consumers are very perceptive with price level as well. Thus, buyers power is high so PG organisation must remain competitive to keep being successful. Supplier Power The power of the suppliers to PG organisation can be low because the raw materials are easy to be find from different suppliers and what is more, such big firms have the opportunity to produce their own raw materials. Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants is very low since PG and their well known competitors are already huge global firms with very famous brand names and consumers will not just change their brand goods as easily. Moreover, setting up this kind of firm will cost millions. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes that PG have to face is high. That can be seen from the retailers shops and sometimes the substitutes have cheaper prices and same performance. Degree of Rivalry The variety of the goods between different companies started to be similar to each other so the firms must begin a differentiation with offers, vouchers or even better/cooler advertises. Strategic group analysis PG is one of biggest multiple customer goods company in the world. Thus each product could have its own competitors. However, the main competitors of PG are Kimberly-Clark Co, Johnson Johnson and Unilever. Net sale of PG and Unilever The chart above illustrates the net sale of PG and Unilever in the last six years. As it can be seen, Unilever has about 10 billion more sales than PG in 2005. Interestingly, as it can be seen from 2006 to 2010, the net sale of PG is considerably more than Unilever. Furthermore, in 2008, PG reaches the peak showing 20 billion Net Sales more than Unilever ¼Ã‹â€ PG official website 2010, Unilever official website 2009 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Product range and geographical scope Procter Gamble, Johnson Johnson, Unilever and Kimberly-Clark are the major international companies that sells their products all over the world. But as regard their geographic scope we can see huge differences. PG has been selling its products in more than 180 countries. Johnson Johnson is almost the same as Unilever, and they are both over 170countries. However, Kimberly-Clark has been developed up to 150 different countries. The product range of PG holds into 5 main product categories which are: Personal Beauty, House Home, Baby Family, Health Wellbeing and Pet Nutrition. Although the categories of PG are very similar with Unilever ¼Ã…’the food product of Unilever (Hearbrand, Lipton, sim-fast) gained an advantage over the other three companies. However, Johnson Johnson focuses its products on paramedical such as baby care, wound care and vision. In addition, Kimberly-Clark specializes in Health care products (PG official website 2010, Unilever official website 2009, Joh nson Johnson official website 2010, Kimberly-Clark official website 2010) Market share of shampoo in China With the development of shampoo market, the organization of PG became the leader of shampoo in Chinas market. PG basically owns five main shampoo brands which are Rejoice, Head Shoulders, Pantene ¼Ã…’Sassoon ¼Ã…’and Clairol; With these brands PG became the dominant position in many countries. Take china market as an example, PG take up nearly 60% shampoo market share in 2010. However, Unilever only accounted for 23%. The domestic brand C-bon only had 6.3% until 2010 (Bai Du website 2010). Successful factors PG adopts multi-brand strategy. When PG entered the China market, it launched Rejoice, Head Shoulders, Pantene, Sassoon and Clairol successively. What is more, each of these brands has its traits; for instance, the function of Head Shoulder should emphasis getting rid of surf and the function of rejoice is to soften the hair. Adopting the multi-brand strategy could have two advantages; Firstly, multi brand strategy can focus on different target market. Secondly, brand management can became very independent. In addition, at the same time it can reduce the risks. Supposing that one brand of PG frails, it will not affect the reputation of PG too much. On the other hand Unilever adopts the Monolithic Brand Strategy which with this method can save money on many advertisement fees, it lost the market share. PG always build the brand image with a massive advertising campaign. It is not only in newspaper, magazines, but also on major television channels. The advertisement of PG is very pertinence, because each of their brands are emphasizing its unique function (Bai Du website 2010). Long term strategy development of the organization References: Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Brand of shampoo strategy in China. [online] available from [20 January 2011] Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °marketing analysis of PG and Unilever [online]available from [20 January 2011] Bai Du website (2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °PG took up more 60%market share in China. [online]available from [21 January 2011] Business Week (2011) PG is up [online] available from [19 December 2010] Canadian Business (2011) Brynwood Partners [online] available from [7 January 2011] Docstock (2010) PG Analysis [online] available from [29 December 2010] Ifeng Finance. (2010) Procter and Gamble Profile [Online] Available from [10 January 2011] Johnson Johnson. (2010) official website [online]available from [16 January 2011] Kai, H. (2009) Procter Gamble: Environmental Friendly Promoting Innovation. Newspaper of 21st Century Business Herald, 26 Kenneth R. Andrews. (1980) The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Richard D. Irwin, Inc Kimberly-Clark ¼Ã‹â€ 2010 Official website [online] available from [18 January 2011] PG (2010) Official Website [online] available from [5 January 2011] SlideShare INC. (2011) Fluff Pulp Fiction [online] available from [5 January 2011] Sustainable Packaging Coalition. (2007) PG Canada Liquid Laundry Concentrate [Online] Available from [8 January 2010] Unilever (2009) Official Website [online] available from [14 January 2011] Worldlingo (2011) List of Procter Gamble brands [online] available from [6 January 2011]

How to Get Completely Lost :: Essays Papers

How to Get Completely Lost The ability to get yourself lost may seem like a rather simple task. You may think this is as easy to do as just throwing the road map out the car door window and simply taking whatever road seems most appealing at the present moment. But to really truly get yourself completely lost to the point that you could end up one thousand miles or more from your originally planned destination while thinking you were going in the correct direction in the first place is an extremely difficult event all in itself. If you are interested at all in learning how to become completely lost while traveling, then please follow the succeeding steps. The first step you would want to take in order to get completely lost is to lose all your common sense. You would have to be the type of person who is so dull in the area of rational thinking that even if the correct directions were to be lit up like a sign on the Las Vegas strip, you would not have enough deductive reasoning skill to think that these might be the correct directions. If the thought of becoming completely lost has made you interested after reading the first step, then the second step should leave you even more enthusiastic than the first. The second step in the process of getting yourself completely lost would require you to need not have a care in the world. In other words, if the world were to burst into a fiery mass of molten flames and death for the entire human race was unavoidable; you would most likely look away from the situation. Instead of panicking or worrying about loved ones or precious possessions, you would just simply pass it off as if it were just another daily occurance. With this care-free attitude, you would then continue with your daily life doing whatever had preoccupied you before being so rudely interrupted with the events of the world erupting into a giant torch. If you are still interested in the thought of becoming completely lost after reading the first and second steps, then the third step in the process will sell you on the idea of becoming completely lost. The third step in becoming completely lost

Flannery O’Connor’s “A Good Man is Hard to Find”

They say that God’s way are inscrutable, and this saying characterizes the concept of Flannery O’Connor’s story A Good Man is Hard to Find . The theme of living an empty life and the possibility of revelation for everybody is the main idea of the author. Through telling a simple, sometimes even comical story about common people, their stereotypes and narrow-mindedness she discloses the lack of spirituality in human life. This makes up the theme, which the author intended to raise. Speaking about the setting, it is important to mention that it by genre it can be referred to the so-called road story, which presupposes travel from one place to another – on the special level. But there is always a hidden message behind, which constitutes the figurative level of the narration. We know perfectly that a road is a popular metaphor of life and naturally a person who is moving along this road undergoes a kind of mental and spiritual change. The same is true about Flannery O’Connor’s piece of writing. The journey is from Georgia to Florida with a background of beautiful scenery: â€Å"Stone Mountain; the blue granite that in some places came up to both sides of the highway; the brilliant red clay banks slightly streaked with purple; and the various crops that made rows of green lace-work on the ground. The trees were full of silver-white sunlight and the meanest of them sparkled†.   A family of the Grandmother, her son Bailey with his wife and children make a trip by car a picturesque nature, paying no attention at it at all. The only person who is interested is the elderly lady but for some specific reasons – nostalgia about â€Å"the things as they used to be† and because travel can be educational for kids. Is it the road to heaven or to hell? I will try to answer this question further on. The plot, which forms the external texture of the story seems to be a case of fatal misfortune. The family goes travelling, get into a road accident in a remote area and are caught by a band of serial killer the Misfit who kills the whole family. Therefore, the external movement is from life to death. Internally, however, the direction is the opposite one, from death to life. This implication is embodied first of all in the character of the Grandmother, who has no name in the story. This fact of namelessness proves her to be a typical product of the contemporary society, deprived of any significant individuality. She is selfish, manipulative and full of herself as we meet her first. She is devoted to the past believing that â€Å"People are certainly not nice like they used to be†, the phrase which is not only her life credo but also reflects her attitude to herself. She considers herself to be good and right and does not notice that her values are false. Meeting with the Misfit, feeling herself at the brink of death causes dramatic change within the old woman. There is an irony in the fat that revelation to her is brought in such an unconventional way – through a religious talk with serial killer. But at the same time this is done by the author deliberately to signify some higher wisdom. The Misfit is a peculiar character, his name symbolizing all people’s loneliness and loss and emptiness. They don’t belong to the world God created for them, they mis-fit. And the problem is not like the Grandmother considered that people are not as nice as they used to be. The world we live in is our own reflection. As a matter of fact, the killer and the decent elderly woman who dresses up neatly because she wants to look like a lady in case of being killed in an accident, are not so far away from each other as they might seem to be. They were both brought up in the atmosphere devoid of spirituality and both of them have no God in their soul. The difference is that the Misfit recognizes the fact but the Grandmother doesn’t. She hides herself behind the conventional stereotypes of religion, which lies in habitual going to the church, praying on a regular basis, stealing nothing from the respectable citizens and so on. In a tough situation she first tries to appeal to the religious feelings of the killer but she fails because she is herself being superficial in her faith. That’s why when she tries to pray to Jesus, asking for help, her words come out differently: â€Å"Finally she found herself saying, â€Å"Jesus. Jesus,† meaning, Jesus will help you, but the way she was saying it, it sounded as if she might be cursing†. At this point she realizes that her faith was fake and at this very moment a new opportunity is given to her. Surprisingly, it is the Misfit who opened her eyes and her soul. He himself recognizes he doesn’t believe in God, the only thing which is definite is death. That’s why he thinks that Jesus broke balance when he raised the death. There would have been nothing certain left in the world, even death, if it were true. The misfit expresses an idea, which is very important: without spirituality one might as well â€Å"enjoy the few minutes you got left the best way you can — by killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him.† He means that if you are not willing to accept God’s love, the sin remains the same whether you are doing it small crimes or in big ones. The lives of the Misfit and the Grandmother were equally empty because they rejected salvation, which is possible through love. These seconds are so vitally important and enlightening for the woman that her soul gets completely transformed. She is suddenly filled with that divine love. Looking at the criminal who has killed her family and is going to kill herself, she exclaims: â€Å"†Why, you're one of my babies!† She realizes that her son and her grandchildren are so empty because she didn’t give them the love she had to, that’s why she realizes that the Misfit is her child in this sense. At the end, when the Misfit kills the old lady, he makes an interesting conclusion, which reveals the idea of the whole story: â€Å"She would of been a good woman,† The Misfit said, â€Å"if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life.† The sentence raises an important issue: is it necessary for a person to be on the brink of life and death to realize what was wrong in his or her life? Do the true values reveal themselves from delusions only when you are about to die? Aren’t we too much involved in day-by-day repetition of events to stop and see the truth? Probably we are just too afraid to be nobody, to feel the emptiness? These important questions arise after reading the story. So, is it the road to heaven or to hell? Who knows. Many people believe that a person who has no moral laws inside is free in what he does and feels no remorse about he deeds. At the example of the Misfit we see that the truth is more complex than that. Probably he doesn’t feel remorse, as he has no faith and no God to lean on but the problem is he feels nothing at all. His crimes were intended to be a kind of rebellion against God whom he never had in his life but it is a bitter rebellion. At the end of the story we find out that he feels no fun and no pride challenging God. â€Å"There is no real pleasure in life,† he says.

Clovis, Black Mats, and Extra-Terrestrials

Clovis, Black Mats, and Extra-Terrestrials Black mat is the common name for an organic-rich layer of soil also called sapropelic silt, peaty muds, and paleo-aquolls. Its content is variable, and its appearance is variable, and it is at the heart of a controversial theory known as the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH). The YDIH argues that black mats, or at least some of them, represent the remains of a cometary impact thought by its proponents to have kicked off the Younger Dryas. What is the Younger Dryas? The Younger Dryas (abbreviated YD), or Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC), is the name of a brief geological period which occurred roughly between 13,000 and 11,700 calendar years ago (cal BP). It was the last episode of a series of fast-developing climatic changes that occurred at the end of the last Ice Age. The YD came after the Last Glacial Maximum (30,000–14,000 cal BP), which is what scientists call the last time glacial ice covered much of the Northern Hemisphere as well as higher elevations in the south. Immediately after the LGM, there was a warming trend, known as the Bà ¸lling-Ã…llerà ¸d period, during which time the glacial ice retreated. That warming period lasted about 1,000 years, and today we know that it marks the start of the Holocene, the geological period which we are still experiencing today. During the warmth of the Bà ¸lling-Ã…llerà ¸d, all kinds of human exploration and innovation developed, from the domestications of plants and animals to the colonization of the American continents. The Younger Dryas was an abrupt, 1,300-year return to the tundra-like cold, and it must have been a nasty shock to the Clovis hunter-gatherers in North America as well as Europes Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Cultural Impact of the YD Along with a substantial drop in temperature, the sharp challenges of the YD include the Pleistocene megafauna extinctions. The large-bodied animals that disappeared between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago include mastodons, horses, camels, sloths, dire wolves, tapir, and short-faced bear. The North American colonists at the time called Clovis were primarily- but not exclusively- dependent on hunting that game, and the loss of the megafauna led them to reorganize their lifeways into a broader Archaic hunting-and-gathering lifestyle. In Eurasia, the descendants of  hunters and gatherers began domesticating plants and animals- but thats another story. YD Climate Shift in North America The following is a summary of the cultural changes that are documented in North America around the time of the Younger Dryas, from most recent to oldest. It is based on a summary compiled by an early proponent of the YDIH, C. Vance Haynes, and it is a reflection of current understanding of the cultural changes. Haynes was never fully convinced that the YDIH was a reality, but he was intrigued by the possibility. Archaic. 9,000–10,000 RCYBP. Drought conditions prevailed, during which Archaic mosaic hunter-gatherer lifestyles predominate.Post-Clovis. (black mat layer) 10,000–10,900 RCYBP (or 12,900 calibrated years BP). Wet conditions are in evidence at the sites of springs and lakes. No megafauna except for bison. Post-Clovis cultures include Folsom, Plainview, Agate Basin hunter-gatherers.Clovis stratum. 10,850–11,200 RCYBP. Drought conditions prevalent. Clovis sites found with now-extinct mammoth, mastodon, horses, camels, and other megafauna at springs and lake margins.Pre-Clovis stratum. 11,200–13,000 RCYBP. By 13,000 years ago, water tables had fallen to their lowest levels since the Last Glacial Maximum. Pre-Clovis is rare, stable uplands, eroded valley sides. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis The YDIH suggests that the climatic devastations of the Younger Dryas were the result of a major cosmic episode of multiple airbursts/impacts about 12,800 /-300 cal bp. There is no impact crater known for such an event, but proponents argued that it could have occurred over the North American ice shield. That cometary impact would have created wildfires and that and the climate impact are proposed to have produced the black mat, triggered the YD, contributed to the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and initiated human population reorganization across the Northern Hemisphere. The YDIH adherents have argued that black mats hold the key evidence for their cometary impact theory. What is a Black Mat? Black mats are organic-rich sediments and soils that form in wet environments associated with spring discharge. They are found throughout the world in these conditions, and they are abundant in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene stratigraphic sequences throughout central and western North America. They form in a wide variety of soils and sediment types, including organic-rich grassland soils, wet-meadow soils, pond sediments, algal mats, diatomites, and marls. Black mats also contain a variable assemblage of magnetic and glassy spherules, high-temperature minerals and melt glass, nano-diamonds, carbon spherules, aciniform carbon, platinum, and osmium. The presence of this last set is what the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis adherents have used to back up their Black Mat theory. Conflicting Evidence The problem is: there is no evidence for a continent-wide wildfire and devastation event. There definitely is a dramatic increase in the number and frequency of black mats throughout the Younger Dryas, but thats not the only time in our geological history when black mats have occurred. Megafaunal extinctions were abrupt, but not that abrupt- the extinction period lasted several thousands of years. And it turns out the black mats are variable in content: some have charcoal, some have none. By and large, they seem to be naturally-formed wetland deposits, found full of the organic remains of rotted, not burned, plants. Microspherules, nano-diamonds, and fullerenes are all part of the cosmic dust that falls to earth every day. Finally, what we now know is that the Younger Dryas cold event is not unique. In fact, there were as many as 24 abrupt switches in climate, called Dansgaard-Oeschger cold spells. Those happened during the end of the Pleistocene as the glacial ice melted back, thought to be the results of changes in the Atlantic Oceans current as it, in turn, adapted to changes in the volume of ice present and water temperature. Summary The black mats are not likely evidence of a cometary impact, and the YD was one of several colder and warmer periods during the end of the last Ice Age that resulted from shifting conditions. What seemed at first like a brilliant and succinct explanation for a devastating climate change turned out on further investigation to be not nearly as succinct as we thought. Thats a lesson scientists learn all the time- that science doesnt come as neat and tidy as we can think it to be. The unfortunate thing is that neat and tidy explanations are so satisfying that we all- scientists and the public alike- fall for them every time. Science is a slow process, but even though some theories dont pan out, we still must pay attention when a preponderance of evidence points us in the same direction. Sources Ardelean, Ciprian F., et al. The Younger Dryas Black Mat from Ojo De Agua, a Geoarchaeological Site in Northeastern Zacatecas, Mexico. Quaternary International 463.Part A (2018): 140–52. Print.Bereiter, Bernhard, et al. Mean Global Ocean Temperatures During the Last Glacial Transition. Nature 553 (2018): 39. Print.Broecker, Wallace S., et al. Putting the Younger Dryas Cold Event into Context. Quaternary Science Reviews 29.9 (2010): 1078–81. Print.Firestone, R. B., et al. Evidence for an Extraterrestrial Impact 12,900 Years Ago That Contributed to the Megafaunal Extinctions and the Younger Dryas Cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104.41 (2007): 16016–21. Print.Harris-Parks, Erin. The Micromorphology of Younger Dryas-Aged Black Mats from Nevada, Arizona, Texas and New Mexico. Quaternary Research 85.1 (2016): 94–106. Print.Haynes Jr., C. Vance. Younger Dryas Black Mats and the Rancholabrean Termination in North America. Proceedings of th e National Academy of Sciences 105.18 (2008): 6520–25. Print. Holliday, Vance, Todd Surovell, and Eileen Johnson. A Blind Test of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis. PLOS ONE 11.7 (2016): e0155470. Print.Kennett, D. J., et al. Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas Boundary Sediment Layer. Science 323 (2009): 94. Print.Kennett, James P., et al. Bayesian Chronological Analyses Consistent with Synchronous Age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. For Younger Dryas Boundary on Four Continents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112.32 (2015): E4344–E53. Print.Mahaney, W. C., et al. Evidence from the Northwestern Venezuelan Andes for Extraterrestrial Impact: The Black Mat Enigma. Geomorphology 116.1 (2010): 48–57. Print.Meltzer, David J., et al. Chronological Evidence Fails to Support Claim of an Isochronous Widespread Layer of Cosmic Impact Indicators Dated to 12,800 Years Ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.21 (2014): E2162–71. Print.Pinter, Nicholas, et al. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis: A Requ iem. Earth-Science Reviews 106.3 (2011): 247–64. Print. van Hoesel, Annelies, et al. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis: A Critical Review. Quaternary Science Reviews 83.Supplement C (2014): 95–114. Print.

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Computer Platforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Platforms - Essay Example This paper is will discuss various types of computers, comparing tin terms of processor speeds, Read Access Memory, Storage capabilities and Internet capabilities. These were the first computers in the mankind invasion, which currently are almost extinct. However, unlike digital computers, they perform numerous mathematical operations simultaneously. They are unique in terms of operation as they utilize continuous variables for the purpose of computing mathematical data. They have an advantage of utilizing mechanical, hydraulic and electrical energy during operation (Beskeen, 2009) As the name suggests, they are a combination of both Analogue and Digital computers. The most important thing about the Digital computers, they work under the principal of a binary digit system of â€Å"0† and â€Å"1† which gives very accurate and precise results. However, these computers are too slow, hence, cannot handle large operations of mathematical computing. The Digital computers perform Robotics and Process control by the converted analog signals. These types of computers are the most bulky and with a great deal of advanced technology, though they are almost becoming extinct. They can cover an entire room and costs millions of dollars. Mainframe computers are referred to as the predecessor of servers because they support multi-users efficiently. They are used in complex of research, meteorological calculations, engineering works, graphics and other advanced operations in Banks and government operations. They constitute UNIX and IBMs z/OS, and others. A supercomputer is one of the modern computers that is capable of handling speedy mathematical computing and calculations. They are the fastest with the highest processing speeds. For that reason, they are employed in specialized applications that require large scale amounts of mathematical calculations; they are preferred in producing animation graphics, weather

Culturally Competent Nursing Care Research Paper

Culturally Competent Nursing Care - Research Paper Example Physical gestures and body language are largely influenced by cultural practices, which might reflect contradictory mannerism for nurses (Sanchez & Gaw, 2007). c) These Asian Americans come from a medical community where medications are very commonly used and recommended by practitioners. Thus, they have inherent expectations of being prescribed medicines on their regular checkups by general physicians. They are not openly willing to modern therapies and do not easily accept unconventional non-medication treatments (Tseng, 2003). d) Since they belong to a minority, they have built-in inferiority complex that needs to be eradicated prior to initiating treatment. A neutral and impersonal therapy, which might work normally for masses, can be alienating for Filipinos since they are not familiar with the professional psychiatric approach. e) One of the core attitudes exhibited by minorities, like Filipinos, is the sensitivity towards their ethnic beliefs and religious rituals. Often, they break into an argument with medical personnel, based on their conflicting opinions that are shaped by their spiritual practices. Recommendations for culturally competent care Considering the abovementioned problems faced by nursing staff with respect to their caretaking duties towards Filipino patients, it is essential that they are well-prepared and trained to furnish culturally competent services. To combat these issues, medical practitioners shall follow the following guidelines: a) Effective communication with patients is pivotal for ensuring professionalism and cultural consideration. Nurses must be well-conversed in different languages and must take utmost care when deciding to either speak directly with the patient or otherwise indirectly through their family members.... Filipinos represent one of the largest and poorest proportions of minorities in various countries around the world. Due to lack of sufficient funds, these Asians tend to avoid using healthcare facilities until they suffer from a critical injury or chronic disease. Even in such extreme cases, they prefer to abandon the treatment procedures on premature terms to minimize due charges. It is evident from aforementioned arguments that medical practitioners and nurses have extensive responsibilities towards stabilization of cultural differences. They must consider and recognize all potential disparities that might eventually become a cause of conflict or discrimination. However, it is not possible for staff members to support this cause independently on their own; healthcare organizations must establish strong structure, environment and workforce that are adequate to meet the diversified needs of patients belonging to different cultures and languages. Cultural competence can be achieved on ly through radical improvements in the overall system and society as a whole.